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Description
In equine breeding programs, whether private or commercial and regardless of scope, horse owners and managers often have a need to cause a mare to enter into estrus and ovulate within a specific time period. Reasons for this can include the intent to use frozen semen to impregnate the mare; others often involve a stallion being delivered for a specific (limited) time, or in synchronizing the mare's ovulation with a shipment of semen.
Mares have the capacity to be notoriously unpredictable in the timing of their ovulation. This can lead to frustration, aggravation and distress in the owners and attending veterinarians.1 Thus, the question then becomes one of what is the optimal method for achieving the objective of timing control.
During the ovulatory season, healthy mares cycle normally and exhibit sexual receptivity to the stallion on a regular basis; they are also producing normal follicles that ovulate. The ovulatory season begins in the middle of Spring (early April) and continues through the Fall unless the mare becomes pregnant. The mare undergoes a succession of cycles, with each being around 22 days in length.
The equine estrous cycle is divided into two parts: estrus and diestrus. Estrus is usually referred to as the “heat” portion of the cycle, and is the time of follicular maturation and ovulation.2 During diestrus, the mare is not receptive to the stallion. Ovulation usually occurs between 24 to 48 hours prior to the end of estrus. The duration of estrus is around three to seven days. The mare will enter diestrus following ovulation and the end of estrus. The follicle that came about due to ovulation develops into the corpus luteum (CL).3 If the mare has not become pregnant, the corpus luteum will be absorbed and follicular development will proceed once again at the end of diestrus.
